Nginx访问日志和错误日志参数详解

说明:
nginx日志主要有两种:访问日志、错误日志。其中访问日志记录客户端访问nginx的每一个请求,包含用户地域来源、跳转来源、使用终端、某个URL访问量等信息,访问日志格式可以自定义;错误日志则记录客户端访问nginx出错时的日志,格式不支持自定义,通过错误日志,你可以得到系统某个服务或server的性能瓶颈等。两种日志都可以选择性关闭。

访问日志[Access.log]

log_format main ‘$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” $http_host ‘
‘$status $upstream_status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” $ssl_protocol $ssl_cipher $upstream_addr ‘
‘$request_time $upstream_response_time’;

变量名称

变量描述

举例说明

$remote_addr

客户端地址

113.140.15.90

$remote_user

客户端用户名称

-

$time_local

访问时间和时区

18/Jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800

$request

请求的URI和HTTP协议

“GET /pa/img/home/logo-alipay-t.png HTTP/1.1″

$http_host

请求地址,即浏览器中你输入的地址(IP或域名)

img.alipay.com

10.253.70.103

$status

HTTP请求状态

200

$upstream_status

upstream状态

200

$body_bytes_sent

发送给客户端文件内容大小

547

$http_referer

跳转来源

“https://cashier.alipay.com…/”

$http_user_agent

用户终端代理

“Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; GTB7.0; .NET4.0C;

$ssl_protocol

SSL协议版本

TLSv1

$ssl_cipher

交换数据中的算法

RC4-SHA

$upstream_addr

后台upstream的地址,即真正提供服务的主机地址

10.228.35.247:80

$request_time

整个请求的总时间

0.205

$upstream_response_time

请求过程中,upstream响应时间

0.002

线上实例:
116.9.137.90 – [02/Aug/2012:14:47:12 +0800] “GET /images/XX/20100324752729.png HTTP/1.1″img.alipay.com 200 200 2038 https://cashier.alipay.com/XX/PaymentResult.htm?payNo=XX&outBizNo=2012XX “Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; Tablet PC 2.0; 360SE)” TLSv1 AES128-SHA 10.228.21.237:80 0.198 0.001

线下测试($http_referer):
10.14.21.197 – - [14/Aug/2012:17:28:22 +0800] “GET /spanner/watch/v1?–db=ztg-1&–mode=compare&–index=status&–option=&–cluster=whole&-F=2012%2F8%2F12-00%3A00%3A00&-T=%2B2880&-i=1&-n=0&_=1344936501292 HTTP/1.1″ 200 94193 “http://spanner.alipay.net/optionFrame/history.html” “Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.60 Safari/537.1″
11
备注:$http_referer和重定向有关。

错误日志[Error.log]

错误信息 错误说明
“upstream prematurely(过早的) closed connection” 请求uri的时候出现的异常,是由于upstream还未返回应答给用户时用户断掉连接造成的,对系统没有影响,可以忽略
“recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer)” (1)服务器的并发连接数超过了其承载量,服务器会将其中一些连接Down掉; (2)客户关掉了浏览器,而服务器还在给客户端发送数据; (3)浏览器端按了Stop
“(111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream” 用户在连接时,若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通,会收到该错误
“(111: Connection refused) while reading response header from upstream” 用户在连接成功后读取数据时,若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通,会收到该错误
“(111: Connection refused) while sending request to upstream” Nginx和upstream连接成功后发送数据时,若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通,会收到该错误
“(110: Connection timed out) while connecting to upstream” nginx连接后面的upstream时超时
“(110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream”

nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时

“(110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream” nginx读取来自upstream的响应头时超时
“(110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream” nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时
“(104: Connection reset by peer) while connecting to upstream” upstream发送了RST,将连接重置
“upstream sent invalid header while reading response header from upstream” upstream发送的响应头无效
“upstream sent no valid HTTP/1.0 header while reading response header from upstream” upstream发送的响应头无效
“client intended to send too large body” 用于设置允许接受的客户端请求内容的最大值,默认值是1M,client发送的body超过了设置值
“reopening logs” 用户发送kill -USR1命令
“gracefully shutting down”, 用户发送kill -WINCH命令
“no servers are inside upstream” upstream下未配置server
“no live upstreams while connecting to upstream” upstream下的server全都挂了
“SSL_do_handshake() failed” SSL握手失败
“SSL_write() failed (SSL:) while sending to client”
“(13: Permission denied) while reading upstream”
“(98: Address already in use) while connecting to upstream”
“(99: Cannot assign requested address) while connecting to upstream”
“ngx_slab_alloc() failed: no memory in SSL session shared cache” ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成
“could not add new SSL session to the session cache while SSL handshaking” ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成
“send() failed (111: Connection refused)”

转载自:nginx访问日志,错误日志参数说明:http://coolnull.com/62.html

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